Over the past few years, medications like Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, and other GLP-1 receptor agonists have become widely known for their effectiveness in treating type 2 diabetes and promoting significant weight loss. While these drugs have revolutionized metabolic care, many patients—and even some healthcare providers—aren’t fully aware of how these medications can affect oral health.
At our dental practice, we’re seeing more patients using these medications and experiencing side effects that can directly or indirectly impact the health of their teeth, gums, and mouth. Here’s what you should know:
1. Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)
One of the most common oral side effects reported with GLP-1 medications is dry mouth. These drugs slow down gastric emptying and can reduce salivary flow in some individuals.
Why it matters:
Saliva plays a vital role in neutralizing acids, washing away food particles, and protecting enamel. A dry mouth can lead to:
- Increased risk of tooth decay
- Gum irritation or inflammation
- Oral infections like candidiasis (oral thrush)
- Chronic bad breath
Tip: Sip water frequently, use alcohol-free mouth rinses formulated for dry mouth, and consider sugar-free gum or lozenges to stimulate saliva.
2. Nausea and Vomiting
GLP-1 medications commonly cause gastrointestinal symptoms—especially in the first few weeks of use—including nausea and vomiting.
Why it matters:
Vomiting exposes your teeth to stomach acid, which can wear away enamel, a condition known as acid erosion. Over time, this can lead to:
- Increased tooth sensitivity
- Thinning or yellowing of teeth
- Greater susceptibility to cavities
Tip: After vomiting, rinse with water or a mixture of water and baking soda (½ tsp baking soda in 1 cup water). Avoid brushing your teeth for at least 30 minutes to prevent damaging softened enamel.
3. Nutritional Deficiencies
These medications often reduce appetite significantly, which can lead to decreased intake of key nutrients essential for oral and systemic health.
Risks:
- Vitamin B12 deficiency has been associated with burning mouth syndrome and delayed healing.
- Vitamin D and calcium deficiencies can weaken the supporting structures of the teeth and contribute to gum disease and bone loss.
Tip: Talk to your medical provider or a registered dietitian about maintaining balanced nutrition, and alert your dental team if you’re experiencing any unusual oral symptoms.
4. Altered Eating Patterns
People on GLP-1 medications may eat less frequently or skip meals entirely. This can reduce natural saliva stimulation and alter the pH balance of the mouth.
Additionally, some people rely on meal replacements like protein bars or shakes, which can be acidic or high in sugar alcohols—both of which can increase cavity risk if proper oral hygiene isn’t maintained.
Tip: Rinse your mouth after consuming protein drinks or acidic foods, and brush twice daily with fluoride or nHa toothpaste.
What You Can Do
If you’re taking Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, or a similar medication, here are some ways to protect your oral health:
- Maintain regular dental cleanings and checkups.
- Tell your dentist or hygienist if you’re experiencing dry mouth, nausea, or any other oral changes.
- Stay hydrated and use dry mouth products if needed.
- Use a remineralizing toothpaste and consider a fluoride rinse for extra enamel protection.
- Avoid brushing immediately after vomiting or reflux episodes—rinse first, then brush 30 minutes later.
Final Thoughts
Weight loss and blood sugar control are important health goals, and medications like Ozempic can be life-changing for many. However, it’s important to stay aware of how these drugs may affect your mouth and teeth. The key is being proactive about oral health care while using the medication and working closely with both your healthcare provider and dentist to monitor and address any issues that arise. Inform your dentist if you have started taking any new medications, like GLP-1 receptor agonists, and if you have any new symptoms such as those listed above. With proper care and good communication between your medical and dental providers, you can minimize risks and maintain a healthy smile throughout your health journey!
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